Glutamine is one of the 22 standard amino acids. It's a non-essential amino acid which means it's produced by the body and used in metabolic processes throughout. Although it's deemed non-essential, it has recently been reevaluated and given the title "conditionally essential." In some cases of physical stress, the body needs more glutamine than it can naturally produce. During these times, replenishing glutamine levels is done through glutamine supplements. Over 60 percent of the muscle tissue in our bodies is glutamine, making it the most prevalent amino acid in the body. It has many functions and plays many roles.
Glutamine is the hardest-working amino acid in the body; it's used in many metabolic processes, including conversion to glucose when the body requires extra energy sources. It has a role in balancing pH levels in the body and regulating blood sugar. Without fuel sources, the cells that line the intestines disintegrate. Glutamine is an important part of immune functioning and is the very basis of RNA and DNA synthesis. It increases the human growth hormone which metabolizes fat and supports tissue growth, and it also removes excess ammonia from the body and spreads itself out among other amino acids in differing processes.
It helps to regulate the immune system and intestinal health, and it controls stress and injury levels. It can be beneficial in the treatment of arthritis, immune diseases and intestinal disorders and protects the lining of the gastrointestinal tract. It can even help assist other medications in fighting off cancer growth.
Glutamine supplements are safe, but must be used in accordance with proper dosing guidelines. There are side effects of glutamine supplements; for example, headaches and related symptoms. Patients who have been diagnosed with kidney or liver disease should not take glutamine, and those sensitive to MSG should consult a doctor before starting these supplements. There are certain medications that, if taken with glutamine, can interfere with its effectiveness -- consult with your doctor first. Glutamine can be toxic if taken in excess. Follow the correct doses and measurements as prescribed.